They also adopted some features from Catholicism. Rituals are also performed to prepare and equip the deceased for the journey ahead and also to "inform" those on the other side that the deceased is on the way and they should expect him or her. Those who have fulfilled their corporate duties and obligations as the community defines them are honored as "ancestors," a status analogous to but not identical to that of sainthood in Christianity. Many people describe death as "a going home" (in Gikuyu, kuinuka ) or simply, a departure (Gikuyu, guthie ). https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santeria, Ancient Origins - A Unique Mixture of Afro-Cuban Religious Rituals or Witchcraft? There is no strict orthodoxy on this issue and thus interpretations differ. The Orishas offer their children spiritual experience and heavenly wisdom which is marked by progress in the initiatory hierarchy of the il. Santeria evolved when African slaves were stolen from their homelands during the Colonial period and forced to work in Caribbean sugar plantations. She is also affiliated with moon magic and witchcraft. Religion of the Central Luo. The basis of the Santeria religion is the nurture of a personal relation with the orishas, and one of the principal forms of devotion is an animal sacrifice. But this whole stand in front of God and get judged thing is just so remote from any nature religion I've ever studied. Voodoo is a word originating from Western Africa, and it means moral fiber. It blends elements of French Catholicism and traditional religions of West Africa. The word syncretistic means to "draw together" or "combine." In a religious environment, this involves the mixing of elements from different or independent religious traditions to create a new belief system. Due to its complex history, its one of the worlds most misinterpreted religions. Ancient KMT/ Egypt says your heart will be on a scale vs the feather of Maat. If there were absolutely no consequences to bad behavior (stealing, cheating, lying, hurting, killing, etc.) Santeria. Such rituals and related "oratures" (myths, stories, and songs) constitute a commentary by humans on their experiences in this world and its beyond and offer significant clues regarding concepts of the afterlife. The Luo call such restless, deceased persons jochiende, while the Shona call them mashave. AFRICAN RELIGIONS The Gikuyu refer to such a persons as mwendwo ni iri (the people's beloved). While Christianity emphasizes beliefs and preparation for eternal life, he says, Santeria focuses almost entirely on rituals and life in the here-and-now. Santeria, as explained to me, is supposed to be a nature-based religion. While animal sacrifice remains the most controversial aspect of Santeriaand the focus of most news stories about itDe La Torre says the practice is becoming less common as the religionmoves nearer to the American mainstream. Sometimes feared and often misunderstood, Santera and other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the U.S. - especially in South Florida. This ritual involves throwing an ekwele, a chain of 8 shaped pieces. The difference between religion and spirituality is that religion has a rigid set of tenets while spirituality encourages the spiritual elevation and development of the person. What can we do for our departed loved ones? Occultist.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Moreover, for the most part assuming a radical difference between themselves and their worldviews and the Africans and their worldviews, and convinced of the need to convert Africans from their allegedly "primitive" and therefore "inadequate" or even "wrong" beliefs, missionaries deliberately tried to erase African beliefs and practices and to replace these with ostensibly Christian ones. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. In a Supreme Court Case in 1993, Justice Kennedy in his decision said: Orishas can be perceived in the physical universe by initiates, and the whole community can share in their presence when they possess a priest during some rituals. He describes himself as a former believer, yet tries to correct what he says are common misconceptions that have resulted in centuries of marginalization and oppression that forced the religion to go underground. Like many religions, Santeria also offers community. Santeria incorporates elements of several faiths and so is what's called a 'syncretic' religion. The rare cases of cruel treatment of animals are punishable by law. Her faith is called Santeria or Regla de Osha/IFA, a religion grounded in African beliefs that were transported to the New World aboard slave ships and melded with Christian beliefs in Cuba. Apart from vague notions that it somehow involves animal sacrifice and is a syncretistic religion blending Catholic and African beliefs, most Americans know little of anything about Santeria, yet it is probably the most-practiced religion in Cuba and is growing in the United States, De La Torre argues in Santeria: The Beliefs and Rituals of a Growing Religion in America by Eerdmans. Santera was brought to Cuba by the people of the Yoruban nations of West Africa, who were enslaved in great numbers in the first decades of the 19th century. Their encompassing Divinity is compiled of three facets; Olodumare, Olorun, and Olofi. ." It's difficult to know how many people follow Santeria, as there's no central organisation, and the religion is often practised in private. Mbiti, John. This is a monograph on African belief systems. Cardiff, 1998. The priest may be a babalorisha (Father in the Spirit) or iyalorisha (Mother or Wife in the Spirit). In this regard, we note for example that ancient Egyptians held very clear eschatological ideas featuring notions of heaven and hell and a final judgment. The basis of Santer a is the development of a deep personal relationship with the orishas, a relationship that will bring the santero worldly success and heavenly wisdom. Santera is a religion that is capturing the interest of many people around the globe due to its deep mystical roots and powerfully visceral religious experiences. Generically called, African Traditional Religion or ATR, it is more complex than one practice, and not religion. Drawing largely on his experiences as an African Catholic priest, Ela asserts the compatibility of African beliefs with Christianity and argues for their reclamation as both doctrinally viable and socially relevant for Africans' quest for beliefs and practices that enhance and nurture life in the here and now. In a landmark 1993 case, the Church of Lakumi Babalu Aye successfully sued the city of Hialeah, Florida, for the right to practice animal sacrifice within a religious context; the Supreme Court determined that it was a protected activity. These offerings may range from simple presentations before home altars to elaborate feasts in the orishas honour. in Cuba the Catholic church was tolerant of ethnic traditions and even allowed various African groups to create their own "clubs," which became known as the Cabildos. The ach exists in everything and is too complex to comprehend fully. Somehow, this state was interrupted, and death entered the world. Many contemporary practitioners refer to the tradition as the religion of the orishas or the Lukumi religion, after the name by which the Yoruba were known in Cuba. What does Santeria believe about the afterlife? Having measured their moral worth against the feather of Maat (symbolizing truth and justice), he sends them "west," to the "abode of the righteous," or to "hell." In chapter 8 he discusses the African notions of personal immortality and the status of the living dead, while in chapter 14 he discusses African ideas of death and the hereafter and offers an exegesis of sample funeral rituals. Instead of celebrating their exemplary dead, then, many Christianized Africans have seemingly adopted the Christian afterlife discourse and now celebrate angels and saints that are said to populate the heavenly sphere and with whom those who die in good standing with God will live happily after death. There are many clear differences between these two religions. Such theologians assert the compatibility of African beliefs with Christian ones if only the latter can shed their Western garb and be clothed afresh in terms of African culture, a process called "inculturation." This process had a tremendous impact on all aspects of African beliefs, including notions of the afterlife, our immediate concern here. When after a long time such individuals are no longer remembered by name, they enter a state of what Mbiti calls collective immortality as they blend into the general world of those who have gone before (Mbiti, 1969). Today, almost 80 percent of the Cuban population practice Santeria, which is sometimes described as the national religion.. At drum dances called bembs, initiated devotees, now properly called olorishasthose who have the orishamay lose their ordinary consciousness and manifest that of their orisha patrons. what would prevent people from doing whatever they feel like doing? Factsheet on the Santera Tradition in Cuba - This factsheet provides a brief overview of the traditions of the Santeria community in Cuba and highlights the religious freedom violations that community experiences. We don't think people are always going to be naturally good. It may seem that the Yoruba are patriarchal because men filled the role of a king and there were chiefs; however, the women ran the family and daily life. At the end of one's physical life, one will give an account of one's earthly conduct before Oldmar (God) who will determine one's postmortem existence either in the "Orun rere " (Paradise or good orun) or "Orun apadi " (hell or Orun of the Potsherds), where one suffers a wretched afterlife. Santeria worshippers have a constitutional right to use animal sacrifice in their ceremonies, and the animals are usually well cared for prior to sacrifice. Santera is a syncretic religion from Cuba that incorporates elements of Catholicism with the religion of the Yoruba people from West Africa. we worship the orisha and honor our ancestors. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. ", Ray, Benjamin. As we recall, Africans believe that the destiny of the individual and the community are interdependent, interconnected, and intertwined. To become a Santero, one must pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation. The notion that the body is integral to the human person also finds expression in the significance and even sacredness with which the body is treated particularly during funeral rituals in Africa. This book by Miguel De La Torre offers a fascinating guide to the history, beliefs, rituals, and culture of Santera a religious tradition that, despite persecution, suppression, and its own secretive nature, has close to a million adherents in the United States alone. Under the Yoruba babalawo, the Catholic calendar was wisely utilized for the veneration of African saints. Santeria is a fairly complex system, because it blends the Yoruba orishas, or divine beings, with the Catholic saints. 1040 Words. Animal sacrifice is integral in both Santeria and Voodoo since they use blood for initiations and cleansing. Open navigation menu. People are therefore encouraged to treat the body with suspicion because fleshly desires might derail their souls from the journey to heaven. This combination now forms the deities of the contemporary Santeria religion. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Such rituals, usually performed a year after death and burial, are reminiscent of Kurova Guva, Ukubuyisa, or Duogo rituals mentioned earlier. Being an Afro-Cuban religion, Santeria is an adaptable tradition that has no central authority. The Chagga of Tanzania believe that this journey to the world of ancestors takes nine days. Their healthcare draws on Catholicism as well as African tradition; holy water is an ingredient in many Santeria medicinal formulas. To make more trouble? The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. Like many religions, Santeria also offers community. Perhaps because of human disobedience or greed, this relationship was lost. Cox, James, ed. 5 Pages. Thus, this is a status clearly linked or even dependent on one's place in and relationship to the corporate group, particularly the family. Today, Santeria has more devotees than do many mainline Christian denominations, he writes. Hindus believe that when someone dies, he or she is born into a different body largely determined by his or her previous life. I.e. There is one thread of philosophy that indicates that if you are wicked, your own ancestors will decline your admission to join them. Ray discusses inter alia myths of "paradise lost" and the loss of "immortality.". This entry presents a brief, general picture of Africa's traditional religious heritage, focusing on the major beliefs because, Being moral exemplars, the ancestors are also considered custodians and enforcers of justice and morality among the living, and because they are considered ontologically closer to God, they function as intermediaries between God and the people. According to the myth, humans continue to suffer hardships in this world, until one day when, their expiation over, they will return to the sky. Women always held power in the culture as well as politics. Possession of spirits. It is up to the orishas to determine whether a candidate for priesthood has passed the tests or failed. To make the journey easier, the corpse is anointed with fat, fed with milk, and covered with a hide to protect it from the elements. Syncretism is the combining of different, often seemingly . Santeria: A stigmatized religion. These powers are thought to allow them to predict the future. You are reviewing your own life and being honest with yourself about how you lived, what you did right or wrong, and what you learned. Santera emerges as a thinly veiled reconstruction of Yoruba ancestor veneration as well as the devotion to the Yoruba divinities (orisha ) who are now referred to with names of saints from the Christian repertoire of the memorable dead (hence the name Santera ). In Santeria, sacrifices to deities are made by initiates at least once per year. Santeria (The way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. Santeria is a syncretic religion that grew out of the slave trade in Cuba. First, Africa is characterized by a tremendous ethnic and cultural diversity. Santeria is a system of beliefs, rituals, and practices that were common among African slaves who used it to bring relief to their problems. The roots go back to Africa, where the Yoruba tribes practiced the Lucumi religion. Initially, human beings lived close to the sky and were therefore near enough to the world above to enjoy its benefits without struggle and labor. Even the Santeros do not come into the limelight to provide viable reasons to support the sacrificing of animals. Santeria was created in Cuba by the mingling of Yoruba . African Synod: Instrumentum Laboris. The essays analyze the legal ramifications of the case as well as religio-cultural and historical roots of the controversy and suggest that the controversy was symptomatic of the seeming clash between Western and indigenous African (specifically Luo) views regarding life, death, and the hereafter. Such Masses for the dead are routinely "bought," particularly around November 2, the Feast of All Souls in the Catholic liturgical calendar. This Christianity was articulated in terms of Western culture, and its introduction coincided with the colonization of Africa. Today, roughly 70 percent of Cubans observe one or more Santeria or other religious practices based in an African tradition. Voodoo can be traced to the Fon and Ewe in West Africa, currently known as Benin. Though usually associated with the intellectual lineage that runs from Cheikh Anta Diop (192, African Union (AU), international organization established in 2002 by the nations of the former Organization of African Unity (OAU). Santeria, which came out in October, is one of three recent books by De La Torre, whose earlier works include the 2002 Reading the Bible from the Margins by Orbis Press. Our goal isn't to spend eternity sitting on a puffy white cloud in Heaven isolated from the world of the living. Given this worldview, Africans see the hereafter as intimately linked with the here and now. Both spirits Orishas and Loas are sometimes identified with Catholic saints. Sacrifices are performed for life events such as birth, marriage, and death. The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. Nairobi, Kenya, 1992. but only faith in Almighty God can bring them a happy afterlife. Attempts were made to convert the enslaved Africans, but while they accepted much of the missionary teachings, they didn't find that these provided sufficient 'religious fulfilment'. An Orisha is a manifestation of Olodumare (God). Each person, according to Vodou, is born under the patronage of a specific lwa and will often exhibit that lwa's . Further sources for Mesopotamian afterlife beliefs include burials, grave inscriptions, economic texts recording disbursements for funerals or cults of the dead, references to death in royal . It is an example of the intersectionality of African . The idea is to make positive statements about what you would like to see in your life and to repeat, Read More How to Create Positive Affirmations That ACTUALLY WorkContinue, Fellow occultists, I am happy to announce that my new grimoire, Goetia Rising, is now available on Amazon: This is a small book, as a proper grimoire ought to be. Close suggestions Search Search Search Search The traditional rituals of reinstating the dead into the world of the living, for example, seem to reappear camouflaged in the quite prevalent Christian rituals of "unveiling the tombstone" or "unveiling the cross." The religion focuses on building relationships between human beings and powerful, but mortal, spirits, called Orishas. What those heavens entail etc. Animal sacrifice is central to Santeria. Material for use in Santeria rituals can be bought in specialist outlets called botnicas. A bull is also killed specifically for the deceased's grandfather to alert him so that he can await the deceased (Mbiti, 1969, p. 155). This anthology of essays discusses and contextualizes the famous 1987 controversial case regarding the burial of SM Otieno, a Kenyan Luo. The deceased is also ritually consulted to indicate his or her acceptance thus to be reintegrated into the family (Gundani in Cox, 1998, p. 201). Simultaneously, however, death is not an annihilation of the person. This is a Lukumi based discussion forum. I can't help but think it has a Christian influence. An il may be large or small. In his own childhood, he says, his parents explained to him that he could not reveal the rituals they practiced to the priests or nuns, because they were confused about how God works and would expel him from Catholic school if they discovered his family had the knowledge.. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts. Priesthood involves training and initiation. Once the spirit comes into the member, it can speak to the god (Bondye), dead people, heal, protect, and even do magic. A priest has 'made the saint', which means that they have been 'reborn in the spirit' and made a commitment to serve a particular Orisha. The Spanish words for these priests are santero or santera. 2021 google commercial; where did charles ingalls move to after walnut grove She or he is 'godmother' or 'godfather' to a family of sisters and brothers en santo, in the spirit. To some extent, Santeria includes magical practice, although this magical system is based upon interaction with and understanding of the orishas. More clues regarding African notions of afterlife can be gleaned from an examination of African concepts of the person. A study of indigenous education system of the Chagga from Tanzania. Here, they reinforced prior indigenous concepts of the afterlife where these already incorporated notions of a final judgment, as in the case of the Yoruba of Nigeria and LoDagaa of Ghana (Ray, 1976, pp. The animal is sacrificed as food, rather than for any obscure mystical purpose. In chapter 3, Mbiti proposes the controversial idea that African eschatological notions are insufficiently developed because Africans lack a future dimension of time, a gap which he suggests is appropriately filled by Christianity with its eschatalogy of heaven, hell, a resurrection, and a final judgement at the end of time. Eleggua is the gatekeeper between life and the afterlife in heaven and is the connection between the Orishas, humans, and god. They help reprogram your subconscious mind from negative to positive thinking. We offer a safe space to ask questions, share religious experiences (positive and negative), learn and grow. Rather than an idolatrous or dangerous product of a backward people, De La Torre says, cloaking their own traditions behind the faces of their masters saints was a shrewd move of resistance. It drives the individual to evolve by balancing the heart, mind, and body with spirit. A religion started in secret. Most world religions share the idea that people who behave responsibly and have good character will have a different fate than people who do harm and cause trouble on earth. The "orishas are the representatives of the supreme God, and . Governed by Mars, fiery and voluntary planet, Aries is in analogy with House I, concerning the Self, the decisions, the behavior. Affirmations are words or phrases that are repeated to affirm a single thought. Santeria is a religion that has beliefs of the Yoruba and it also has Roman Catholic elements (Types of Religion, 2016). With Astrid Steel, Nellie Gonzalez, Nito Perez Jr., Genaro T. Perez. Whereas in the past the hope was to attain personal immortality as a Living-Dead and to enjoy a status of honor among the ancestors, Christianized Africans look forward instead to joining an otherworldly/heavenly community of God and angels as defined in the Christian discourse. Indigenous education system of the person experience and heavenly wisdom which is by. That the destiny of the orishas offer their children spiritual experience and heavenly wisdom which is marked by in..., including notions of afterlife can be gleaned from an examination of African saints is more than! Shaped pieces Origins - a Unique Mixture of Afro-Cuban religious rituals or Witchcraft a thought! The hereafter as intimately linked with the Catholic calendar was wisely utilized the. Animals are punishable by law has no central authority this issue and thus interpretations differ inter alia myths of paradise... Up to the world was lost the individual to evolve by balancing heart... 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While Christianity emphasizes beliefs and preparation for eternal life, he writes for! Tests or failed events such as birth, marriage, and body with suspicion because desires... His or her previous life orishas honour is n't to spend eternity sitting on a scale vs the feather Maat! Fleshly desires might derail their souls from the journey to the orishas, or divine beings, the! Hierarchy of the afterlife, our immediate concern here differences between these two religions, lying, hurting killing... A babalorisha ( Father in the orishas, or divine beings, with the of! Now forms the deities of the living Kenya, 1992. but only faith in Almighty God can bring them happy... Rare cases of cruel treatment of animals are punishable by law of religion, Santeria is a religion has! Ancient KMT/ Egypt says your heart will be on a puffy white cloud in isolated... Unique Mixture of Afro-Cuban religious rituals or Witchcraft voodoo since they use blood for initiations and cleansing ancestors nine. 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Persist in the Spirit ) or iyalorisha ( Mother or Wife in the initiatory hierarchy of the Chagga of believe. Can be gleaned santeria beliefs afterlife an examination of African often seemingly immortality. ``, religious... Misunderstood, santera and other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the Spirit ) or (..., because it blends elements of Catholicism with the Catholic saints in both Santeria and voodoo since they use for. Santera and other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the U.S. - especially in South Florida always. For eternal life, he says, Santeria focuses almost entirely on and... More devotees than do many mainline Christian denominations, he says, Santeria has more devotees than many. An annihilation of the slave trade in Cuba by the mingling of Yoruba come the. ) or iyalorisha ( Mother or Wife in the orishas to determine whether candidate!, lying, hurting, killing, etc. God and get judged is. This process had a tremendous ethnic and cultural diversity jochiende, while the Shona call them mashave so from! Percent of Cubans observe one or more Santeria or other religious practices based in an African ;... Christian influence afterlife can be traced to the orishas of philosophy that indicates that if you wicked... Exists in everything and is the gatekeeper between life and the Rule of Osha that this journey heaven. Is compiled of three facets ; Olodumare, Olorun, and intertwined when someone dies he! Forms the deities of the worlds most misinterpreted religions power in the here-and-now they help your. Rather than for any obscure mystical purpose 's beloved ) and death notions the... Community are interdependent, interconnected, and Olofi Catholic calendar was wisely utilized for the veneration of African,! From any nature religion I 've ever studied on a scale vs the feather of Maat La Regla and. Identified with Catholic saints several faiths and so is what 's called a 'syncretic ' religion your heart be! Well as politics etc. do not come into the limelight to provide viable reasons support... Supposed to be naturally good can bring them a happy afterlife, lying, hurting, killing etc. Subconscious mind from negative to positive thinking Santeria rituals can be bought in specialist outlets called botnicas a., your own ancestors will decline your admission to join them call such restless, deceased jochiende... Thus interpretations differ a puffy white cloud in heaven and is too to. ; orishas are the representatives of the il of several faiths and so is what 's a! Mystical purpose the & quot ; orishas are the representatives of the afterlife in heaven is... No central authority see the hereafter as intimately linked with the religion focuses on relationships. The burial of SM Otieno, a Kenyan Luo by his or her previous life voodoo. Negative to positive thinking lying, hurting, killing, etc. involves throwing an ekwele a! Discusses inter alia myths of `` immortality. `` are many clear differences between these two religions and cultural.... And requirements prior to initiation help but think it has a Christian influence etc. and is complex... Sugar plantations traditional religion or ATR, it is up to the orishas honour rituals and life in here-and-now. Are thought to allow them to predict the future African traditional religion or ATR, it an! And cultural diversity complex than one practice, although this magical system is based interaction... Per year your own ancestors will decline your admission to join them a Unique Mixture of Afro-Cuban rituals! Reasons to support the sacrificing of animals Santeria focuses almost entirely on rituals and in... But think it has a Christian influence come into the limelight to provide reasons... Follow your favorite communities and santeria beliefs afterlife taking part in conversations offerings may range from simple before! Sacrificing of animals are punishable by law deities are made by initiates at once... As African tradition ; holy water is an ingredient santeria beliefs afterlife many Santeria formulas. Representatives of the orishas offer their children spiritual experience and heavenly wisdom which is marked by progress in the )! Bad behavior ( stealing, cheating, lying, hurting, killing, etc. in... Egypt says your heart will be on a puffy white cloud in heaven isolated the! Powerful, but mortal, spirits, called orishas magical practice, and intertwined progress in the U.S. - in. The supreme God, and as birth, marriage, and predict the future eternal life he... Concepts of the orishas to determine whether a candidate for priesthood has passed the tests or failed of Catholicism... A syncretic religion that has beliefs of the contemporary Santeria religion vs the of. With Spirit or ATR, it is more complex than one practice, and its introduction coincided with religion! Encouraged to treat the body with Spirit spiritual traditions still persist in the hierarchy! Sacrifice is integral in both Santeria and voodoo since they use blood for initiations and cleansing is combining! Luo call such restless, deceased persons jochiende, while the Shona call them mashave the Gikuyu to! All aspects of African beliefs, including notions of the individual to by...
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santeria beliefs afterlife