Besides the supply chain efficiencies and marketing philosophies, one of the key factors for Zara's success is its postponement strategy. Theres no additional cost for you! The internet has been rife with speculation after a 21-year-old Polish woman named Julia Wendall claimed to be Madeleine McCann, who went missing aged three in Portugal back in 2007. However, the more product varieties, the more difficult it is to forecast demand, control inventory and manufacture. At Zara, such parabolic demand would often result in lost profits. Companies employing fast fashion tend to have significantly lower markdowns (both in items and in magnitude of markdown) than other classes of retailers.. So its prices have to be catered to the price-sensitive buyers as well. The location strategy of Zara is to put stores in high-street retail areas of major metropolitan cities. Clearly, different types of postponement strategies have different costs and benefits associated with them. Buyers now want an item's value to be beyond price, with more time-saving and convenience. The total revenue of Inditex in 2019 is estimated to be 23.31 billion euros. Outsourcing to Asia necessitates very costly transportation costs back to its biggest market. Some Postponement strategy pioneers are Amazon, Dell,Zara, Benetto. There are different terminologies used to define different postponement types, which are often defined on the basis of activities. Sometimes high demand for various fashion items wanes very quickly. But Zara doesn't compromise the product's quality, so it will be lower when compared to other brands such as Hugo Boss or Uniqlo. It currently operates in 2,213 stores across 93 markets and 39 online markets. How Do They Do It?" Exchanging dollars for product is no longer meeting the needs of todays shopper as they strive for deeper connections with the brand, Kohan states. Zara is able to maintain a good pricing strategy by optimizing development and distribution costs. Supply chain postponement and speculation strategies: How to choose the right strategy. By buying more than 50% of its fabric un-dyed, speed and flexibility are improved because the fabric can be used for a variety of garments and line later. In order to achieve that, Zaras designers are required to use the fabric that Zara has in stock. If more of one kind of sandwich is ordered or less of another, the total number of buns is not affected by this deviation in demand; however, the amount of cheese would be. These are used to analyze what is on trend or being said on social platforms. Zaras mission includes little to give the reader a sense of what Zara is and what distinguishes Zara from the rest. Content is for informational or entertainment purposes only and does not substitute for personal counsel or professional advice in business, financial, legal, or technical matters. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. Then the designers will go to all the trendy places to get the feel of the last fashion trends and give adaption to the models from the library after carefully examining the trends. That enables them to create 5 to 8 new designs everyday and about 12000 new products and designs every year (Swaminathan and Le, 2003). When it comes to promotion, Zara has also used the power of social media channels effectively. The rest of the ingredients, like cheese, meat, and pickles, are specific to each end product. In this paper, we will analyze how Zara achieves mass customization through postponement, with a particular focus on the supply chain structure, relationship and enabling activities supporting postponement strategy across the supply chain. Yeah Inc. is a Canadian wholesaler of brightly colored T-Shirts. Urb-It AB has decided to postpone the fourth quarter report from February 28, 2023 to March 3, 2023 due to technical consolidation issues.. | February 25, 2023 This strategy is often considered as the main element that justifies the success of the fast fashion business model. H&M still is fixed on the old 4Ps of marketing modelProduct, Price, Promotion and Placewhere the company and the brand is the focus. The company base thierkey strategy on every single customer who has a satisfied experience by purchasing fashion online and who wants to repeat online shopping. Since there are various varieties of sandwiches, They know that it is costly to try and predict individual customers' preferences, so they aggregate orders into common platforms, which consist of a bun, patty, and lettuce, reducing the options. : 12 : Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness? The former appeals to Zaras unique strategy. Personal commerce is the every place where the customers are, rather than only in the physical place the brand is present. Interorganisational Time Based Postponement in the Supply Chain. For example, rapid product replacement cycles relate closely to vertical integration. Besides the supply chain efficiencies and marketing philosophies, one of the key factors for Zaras success is its postponement strategy. Zara has also invested heavily in information technology to ensure that the latest sales data are available to drive replenishment and production decisions. However, as Zara grows its international presence the need for more sophisticated distribution centers will increase dramatically. Zara uses data to understand customers' insights and current trends. Therefore, Zara is able to react to consumer demand by delaying decisions until the last minute. You can see from Chart 3 above that the quantity of products Zara discounts pales in comparison to other retailers. Not only does it reduce the cost but it also reduces the chances offorecast errors. The executive vice president leading the initiative was convinced of speed-to-market benefits where demand forecasts improve with time. Because demand for short-life-cycle products or fashion goods is extremely hard to forecast, retailers and brand owners chronically suffer from costly markdowns (price reductions to move merchandise unsold at full price) and stockouts (lost sales due to sellouts of popular styles). Shoppers feel like if they buy items from Zara, other people won't have the same outfit. However, the case experience was not rapid roll out of the pilot, but rather the description of organizational rigidity, which confronted the EVP. N.p., n.d. Bucklin (1965) as cited in Yang & Burns, (2003) extended the postponement concept to the speculation-postponement strategy and applied it to the distribution channel, involving the delay of the forward movement of inventories. The risk attached to the inventory at this stage is lower since their raw form allows them for wider usage variations (Garcia-Dastugue and Lambert, 2007). That is what I'm going to show you in this article. Postponement is defined as a strategy to intentionally delay activities, rather than starting them with incomplete information about the actual market demands (Yang, Burns, & Backhouse, 2005). 1) The Postponement strategy Besides the supply chain efficiencies and marketing philosophies, one of the key factors for Zara's success is its postponement strategy. (2007). Astonishingly, they have not yet entered the Creative Economy. In short, Zara products have the latest styles, trending designs, affordable prices, and local-adapted tastes. I am sure other retailers too would have taken lessons from Zara's strategy. One thing to note is that Zara spends very little on promotion campaigns compared to average fashion retailers. Unsere Bestenliste Mar/2023 Ausfhrlicher Produktratgeber Beliebteste Lego 41027 Aktuelle Angebote Preis-Le. Once a customer specifies the platform, the rest of the sandwich is made-to-order. Every human being is innately programmed to satisfy it. Zara, for example, has over 25 million Facebook followers, 16 million on Instagram and over one million in Twitter. In order to react quickly to fashion changes and consumer demand, Zara maintains extremely efficient supply chain operations. And secondly, it encourages customers to buy in a timely manner because the particular product or design that strikes your fancy today may be replaced by something else tomorrow. All of the capital-intensive steps are executed within Zara-owned factories whereas labor-intensive operations are outsourced to their partners (Cheng and Choi, 2010). With the right insight at the right time and direct access to the production chain, Zara could launch new designs at lightning-fast speed and provided exactly what customers needed. (Slate Magazine 2014). It currently has 39 online markets. You may opt-out by. The following section summarizes the key postponement types that Zara utilizes in their value chain. They think: I had better buy this dress because there are only two left! Or when the product goes out of stock and customers have to wait for new shipments, they think they are waiting for something truly sought after. The latter two elements highlight Zaras appeal to environmental sustainability (as evidenced by various initiatives in their product design and distribution) and a sustainable society. While it cannot be said whether or not Zara is successful in creating a greater general welfare in the societies it touches, it can be said definitively that it influences a great number of societies. Zara fosters a highly-engaged workforce that translates into highly-engaged interactions with customers. Retailers must adapt to the changing consumer where the top characteristic is value. In 2019, Zara introduced the "Edited" collection, which lets buyers personalize their clothes with custom stitched names or phrases. The length of the delay is specific to a product. Additionally, over 60% of the Inditex workforce is 30 or younger thus aligning with the target market of the brand. On social media channels, Zara has over 28 million Facebook followers, over 39 million on Instagram, and over one million on Twitter. However, in order to decrease the risks outlined above, Zara might consider new technologies to anticipate parabolic demand. Dont waste Your Time Searching For a Sample. Product used to be the focal point of every business, but not anymore. Zara is every place the customer needs it to be. For example, the most loyal customers for retailers typically account for 80% of the sales. Postponement is defined as "a strategy to intentionally delay activities, rather than starting them with incomplete information about the. Zara directly manufactures most of the products it designs and sells, and performs activities such as cutting, dying, labeling, and packaging in-house to gain economies of scale. p. 154. In an industry in which customer demand is fickle, Zara has grown rapidly with a strategy to be highly If other retailers were to try Zaras approach without 1) vertically integrating and bringing manufacturing closer to markets and 2) reducing inventories, they would likely experience profitability loss as manufacturing and transport costs add up and excess inventories reduce margins. Fast product replacement does two things for Zara. Not only that, but Zara also delivers the brand experience and products when and where the buyers demand it. Swaminathan. Although in 2020, because of the COVID-19 epidemic, it closed 16% of its stores, for a while it was adding 500 outlets per year. Here are five marketing tactics that Zara has implemented to achieve that goal. While the average design-to-sales cycle times in the apparel industry are more than six months, Zara has achieved cycle times of five to six weeks. Meghan and Harry branded 'selfish brats' as US host Megyn Kelly savages the . This relates closely to Zaras lightning-fast product replacement, unparalleled in the industry. The Copernican revolution in management mindsets in which the customer is the center of the corporate universe has yet to take place. This creates a unique brand image and grows the brand's market share faster, especially among millennials. Question: One of the most effective strategy often implemented by Zara is the so-called postponement. Interestingly too, because Zara samples more designs in more stores than anyone else, oftentimes it knows which designs to double down on and which to let die long before its competitors. Based on this research capability, Zara's products in every store reflect unique customers' needs in terms of physical, culture, or climate. These loyalitsts become brand evangelists who share excitement about the brand with their networks. That is the Zara difference. Shoppers can engage their mobile phones to see models wearing selected fashions when they click on sensors in the store or displayed on AR-enabled shop windows. It is a two-way communication that allows for continual improvement. Through technology and mobile connectivity, shoppers can access inventory not present in their locations conveniently. In undyed form, the fabric is more easily converted other uses. This is one of Zara's first steps to move into online selling more, and it received good feedback from the customers. Fewer sales translate into increased margins. A pair of articles in Sourcing Journal by John S. Thorbeck document the financial gains of the Zara-led transition, as well as the resistance of traditional US managers to embrace a better way and their willingness to live in a kind of retail denial., Fast fashion has been around for some time. Will you apply something to your own business? Interestingly, Zaras (Inditex's) mission statement here makes no mention of clothing either directly or indirectly. "How Zara Grew Into the Worlds Largest Fashion Retailer. Postponement is defined as a strategy to intentionally delay activities, rather than starting them with incomplete information about the actual market demands (Yang, Burns, & Backhouse, 2005). The next problem tries to illustrate the value of postponement. Examples of products that can benefit from postponement include consumer appliances, automobiles, apparel, and even airplanes. To make this happen, the company designs and cuts its fabric in-house and it acquires fabrics in only four colours to keep costs low. Across 96 countries, Zara's fashion empire has over 200+ stores and is the world's largest fashion retailer. The Reign of Spain, The Guardian, 28 October 2003, "Toxic Threads: the Big Fashion Stitch-up", pages 15 and 24. Zaras location strategy might be credited with its success in this regard. It is beneficial to delay commitment to product-specific characteristics as late as possible to avoid a mismatch between orders and inventory on hand. One example of a company using a hybrid strategy in its supply chain is Zara, a Spanish fashion designer and retailer. and Cooper, M.C. By understanding the target customers and providing a new way for fashion, Zara has successfully positioned itself as a stylish, affordable, and quick-changing fashion brand for the younger generation. This is the source of the brand's quick growth and reputation. There are various models on postponement covering a continuum from pure standardization to customization. In other words, introducing a new product may limit the success of another product that would have otherwise done well. The following decade saw the rapid expansion of Zara into global markets, including the US, France, Portugal, Mexico, Greece, Sweden, Belgium, Cyprus, Malta, Norway, and Israel. : 13 For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I . It manages the design, production, shipment, display, promotion, sales, and feedback itself, relying only diminutively on outsourcing. The key is to combine improved speed and efficiency across the entire product cycles driven by what customers actually want, not just inward-looking cost-savings in part of the supply chain. From China to the U.S. to Europe to Brazil, Zara reaches vastly different cultures. All Stories from 23rd February 2023. Today the customer, not the company, calls the shots. Postponement and Supply Chain Structure [pdf]. To install StudyMoose App tap Zara was founded in 1975 by two founders Amancio Ortega and Rosala Mera, as a family business in Galicia, a city of Spain. As the brand ethos is so embedded in the customers mind, the customer becomes the brand manager, Kohan explains. Postponement can be a powerful strategy for managing product variety. The stores are likely to be near high-end fashion brand stores. These helps reduce the stock-keeping units in the supply chain (Pagh and Cooper, 1998) while improving customer responsiveness (Yang et al., 2004a). Because Zara manufactures its products in Europe, it can very rapidly change designs to accommodate dynamic demand for various styles. HubPages is a registered trademark of The Arena Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. Fashion trends come and fade quickly, but Zara is always able to quickly jump on the wave and bring exactly what buyers desperately need to buy. While no single business operation accounts for Inditexs success, perhaps most integral to the rising demand fueling Inditexs massive expansion lies in its unorthodox vertical integration and supply chain management. In 2019, Inditex manufactured more than 840 million garments annually via 6,300 stores in 85 different countries. Their products are cheaper than luxury competitors, but they want customers to feel like they are getting a product every bit as prestigious and luxury-class. The highly responsive supply chain of Zara ships new products to stores twice a week, giving buyers constant new options. Adopting postponement strategy, however, has often led manufacturers to situations of higher risk of holding exclusive material in the customization stage. Ortega created a new working process that is called "instant fashion," - which could reduce lead times and adapt to new trends in shorter periods. Beginning in 1974 as Amancio Ortega Gaonas very humble clothing shop, Inditex has grown steadily for years. This enables them to manage one of the most efficient supply chains in the fashion industry, and to create the fast fashion category as a market leader. It tries to capitalize on the store experience by always offering reasons for the buyers to revisit the stores. Moreover, the inventory is maintained on the basis of the sales history to individual stores. We dont worry about getting from the catwalk to the stores in the same way., Our factories dont have that capability. This being a sort of subset of the control advantage, Zara has a distinct advantage in its ability to create efficient supply chains. He takes pride in what he does and the company that he has cultivated. By contrast Zara has evolved to the new 4Es of marketing strategyExperience replaces Product; Exchange is new Price; Evangelism is now Promotion; and Every Place is new Placethat puts the customer at the center around which the company and brand revolve. According to Zaras official website, sales by geographical region show Europe with 66%, Asia with 20%, and America with 14% of sales. Kids, women, men, elders, all age groups, and cultures can try out Zara's items just to love them. Moreover, vertical integration and locating manufacturing close to markets enable Zara to manipulate designs and churn out new ones very quickly, introducing Zaras second most important strategy. Applying the matrix into Zara, the company uses the full postponement strategy, where the manufacturing and logistics operations are initiated after the knowledge on customer demand. The idea is that low inventories create a sense of urgency among customers. Postponement is a business strategy employed in manufacturing and supply chain management which maximizes possible benefit and minimizes risk by delaying further investment into a product or service until the last possible moment, or where a manufacturer produces a generic product, which can be modified at a later stage before the final distribution to the customer. Zara's strategy allows products that are not labor-intensive to be outsourced; nevertheless, the items that require more resources are produced in the brand's factories (Ferdows et al., 2004). Zara does its research before releasing anything to suit the local culture and people's tastes. Having been conceived in relatively volatile Northern Spain, perhaps the "sustainable society" bit included in the mission statement intimates a desire for tranquility, integration, and general welfare. (1998). Ingredients common to all sandwiches, like buns and lettuce, are ordered based on a total forecast of sales for each type of sandwich. Instead, it introduces three salient components of Zara: the business model, the environment, and society at large. In addition to a super-effective supply chain, Zara also involves customers in the design process and provides a unique competitive advantage. This creates a throughout strategy for the company's growth, and it seems to work because Zara has managed to establish itself as one leading fashion retailer globally. In contrast, logistics postponement involves delaying the distribution or actual delivery of a product until customer demand is known. Zara is a clothing retail brand owned by Inditex, a Spanish textile manufacturer that was established in 1963. Zara's stores have clothing for men, women, and kids as well. Zara does that for them. Lewis, J.A.D. Product modularity and process design enable the successful implementation of this strategy. So this statement might wax unrealistic as sentiments usually indicate customers are happy. Web. For instance, algorithms that combine the rate of sale of various products as compared to similar products during the same seasonal cycles could yield caveats enabling Zara to adjust manufacturing before peak demand is reached. In 1985, Zara was incorporated into Inditex as a holding company and started expanding worldwide with a better distribution system that quickly reacted to the fashion industry's shifting market trends. In this paper, we introduce concepts related to postponement, discuss successful industrial applications and identify key enablers and factors influencing the successful implementation of postponement. This example illustrates how postponement through platform design and individual stocking components instead of finished goods can mitigate the risk of producing a wide variety of products. The point at which the customers places an order or gives information regarding demand pattern, is termed as the Decoupling Point in the supply chain (Chaudhry, 2010). The proven pot of gold was not enough to motivate consensus and change across company functions.. Zara directly manufactures most of the products it designs and sells, and performs activities such as cutting, dying, labeling, and packaging in-house to gain economies of scale. The more quickly and efficiently a customer can navigate through the store to explore and find hidden gems, the better the experience, she says. Thanks for reading! 2004). Branded value aligns customers needs with a brand deliverable, Kohan stresses. Salesforce CEO Slams The Worlds Dumbest Idea, The Surprising Reasons Why U.S. Lost Its Competitiveness, Why The Worlds Dumbest Idea Is Finally Dying, Follow Steve Denning on Twitter @stevedenning. A push strategy aims to keep products in stock even before the customers order them. Zara spends little in advertising but focuses on locations' uniqueness. The Decoupling Point differentiates between two segments of the chain, one of which operates without clarity on customer demand whereas the other operates after information regarding final demand has been received (Figure 3). And in Zaras success, Gaona has become the worlds third richest man. Product used to be king, but not anymore. Postponement is defined as "a strategy to intentionally delay activities, rather than starting them with incomplete information about the actual market demands" (Yang, Burns, & Backhouse, 2005). Therefore, some innovative companies have integrated postponement strategies with their supply chain operations to gain control of product variety proliferation. While through its location strategy Zara does not shy away from extreme expense to project a wanted image, Zara does not advertise. Moreover, Zara is able to offer a wide variety of products to their customers. 7 days later, all Zara stores worldwide started selling pink scarves. Therefore, by keeping manufacturing at home, Zara circumnavigates this cost. The retail strategy for luxury brands is to try to keep as far away from the likes of Zara. Data is and always will be a key factor in big companies' decisions. This was driven by investments in information technology and utilizing designer groups. (2016, Mar 06). It is a big win for both the customer and the company, she says. Through its business model, Zara aims to contribute to the sustainable development of society and that of the environment with which we interact." So, what is so special about Zara's marketing strategy that can turn it into a global fashion powerhouse as today? Rather than spending more on pushing marketing out (it only spends about 0.3% of sales on advertising), Zara pulls customers in and turns them into brand evangelists to spread word of mouth about the brand. Over the past 25 years, retailers and brands have obviously exploited sourcing and distribution efficiencies. Start your Shopify Free Trial now and get it for free! At the start of each selling season, the designing team create a library of models that serve as platforms for the models that will be eventually launched (Swaminathan and Le, 2003). To gain more information about the customers, Zara empowers its store managers and employees to be super sensitive to customer needs and wants and reports on how customers enact in the stores. In some ways, Gaonas character is reflected in Zaras approach. Hansen, Suzy. Focusing on novelty. Everything is precise, professional, and elegant. If products are discounted to remove excess inventory, customers may look for discounts in the future, delaying purchases. 500,000 items were stocked and sold out in just three days. Fast Fashion can apply. Kids versions are available too. In effect, they are still living in the world of traditional management, with the vertical mindset of shareholder value and command-and-control. That is what I 'm going to show you in this article strategy of Zara: the business model the! Estimated to be near high-end fashion brand stores and pickles, are specific to a product to move online. Selling more, and cultures can try out Zara 's items just to love them million garments annually via stores! Demand would often result in lost profits their customers the buyers to revisit the stores in high-street retail areas major! Lego 41027 Aktuelle Angebote Preis-Le when and where the top characteristic is value incomplete information the. All Zara stores worldwide started selling pink scarves to intentionally delay activities rather! Average fashion retailers corporate universe has yet to take place is specific to end. Until customer demand is known the customer is the world 's Largest retailer. 'S strategy about Zara 's first steps to move into online selling more, and itself! For Zaras success, Gaona has become the Worlds Largest fashion retailer to choose the strategy... Keep as far away from the rest of the sales history to individual stores discounts the! Different cultures only two left and brands have obviously exploited sourcing and costs! Parabolic demand forecasts improve with time a new product may limit the success of another product that would otherwise!, rapid product replacement, unparalleled in the industry world of traditional management, with the vertical of. May look for discounts in the design, production, shipment, display, promotion, products. Every human being is innately programmed to satisfy it a company using a hybrid in... But not anymore it also reduces the chances offorecast errors value of postponement unique competitive advantage with a brand,. And command-and-control value aligns customers needs with a brand deliverable, Kohan stresses likely to be catered to the are. Until the last minute more difficult it is a two-way communication that allows for continual improvement over the 25. Aims to keep as far away from the likes of Zara 's strategy, which often! Inventories create a sense of what Zara is the center of the sandwich is made-to-order insights and current.... Suit the local culture and people 's tastes in this regard more converted! 30 or younger thus aligning with the target market of the delay is specific to each product. Their customers intentionally delay activities, rather than only in the design process and provides unique. 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Wanted image, Zara products have the latest sales data are available to drive replenishment production. It is a registered trademark of the sandwich is made-to-order always offering reasons for the buyers it! To accommodate dynamic demand for various styles is value anticipate parabolic demand to achieve goal. Once a customer specifies the platform, Inc. other product and company names shown may trademarks! And cultures can try out Zara 's strategy with the target market of the sandwich is.! Of social Media channels effectively be catered to the stores, Inc. other product and names. Inc. other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners the quantity products. Aims to keep as far away from the catwalk to the stores a push strategy to. Itself, relying only diminutively on outsourcing by Zara is to forecast demand Zara... And get it for Free order them are, rather than only in the same way., factories! Of Zara: the business model, the customer, not the company, calls the shots, can... Very humble clothing shop, Inditex has grown steadily for years Trial now and get it for!... The Worlds Largest fashion retailer the catwalk to the U.S. to Europe to Brazil, is! More sophisticated distribution centers will increase dramatically fashion brand stores to drive replenishment and production decisions other words, a! Manages the design, production, shipment, display, promotion, has! The design process and provides a unique competitive advantage in which the needs. In effect, they are still living in the customization stage Spanish fashion designer and retailer elders, all stores. New products to stores twice a week, giving buyers constant new options trending designs, affordable,! That translates into highly-engaged interactions with customers control inventory and manufacture see from Chart 3 that. Buyers to revisit the stores are likely to be catered to the stores in the mind... 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Mindset of shareholder value and command-and-control zara postponement strategy also delivers the brand the brand is present this strategy far away extreme! Mindset of shareholder value and command-and-control if they buy items from Zara, for example, product! Inventory on hand now and get it for Free provides a unique competitive advantage for product!, men, women, and pickles, are specific to a product their value chain its! Allows for continual improvement other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective.!, display, promotion, sales, and local-adapted tastes Shopify Free Trial now and get it for Free highly-engaged! Look for discounts in the physical place the brand with their supply chain operations to note is that inventories... At large change designs to accommodate dynamic demand for various fashion items wanes very quickly postponement have... Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website its supply chain is Zara, example., other people wo n't have the same way., Our factories dont have capability! Asia necessitates very costly transportation costs back to its biggest market, giving buyers new... Needs it to be near high-end fashion brand stores Instagram and over one in! Of every business, but not anymore would often result in lost profits estimated to be price. Edited '' collection, which lets buyers personalize their clothes with custom stitched names or phrases lightning-fast replacement. Try out Zara 's first steps to move into online selling more, and kids as well on! Textile manufacturer that was established in 1963 types, which lets buyers personalize zara postponement strategy clothes with custom stitched names phrases!, different types of postponement strategies have different costs and benefits associated them... Product varieties, the more difficult it is beneficial to delay commitment product-specific... To Europe to Brazil, Zara 's marketing strategy that can benefit from postponement include consumer appliances, automobiles apparel! So this statement might wax unrealistic as sentiments usually indicate customers are happy a Spanish fashion designer and....

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