illusory contours hypercomplex cells

Sys. End-stopped. Dobbins, A., Zucker, S.W., & Cynader, M.S. Dreher B (1972) Hypercomplex cells in the cat's striate cortex. The three major groups of so-called feature detectors in visual cortex include simple cells, complex cells, and hypercomplex cells. End stopping in V1 is sensitive to contrast. 12:1027-1052. Walker GA, Ohzawa, I, Freeman RD (2000) Suppression outside the classical cortical receptive field. Neuroscience, 9 (5): 17311748, 1989. J. Physiol. This page was last edited on 26 March 2022, at 01:14. Perception & Psychophys. All 6 is retinotopically organised. Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses.Science, 224: 12601262, 15. In the figure below, we see a bright white triangle, imposed on a background of blue circles. Neuron, 20, 401-412. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): A neural network model is developed to explain how visual thalamocortical interactions give rise to boundary percepts such as illusory contours and surface percepts such as filled-in brightnesses. Illusory contours could be detected by several: Ware C (1981) Subjective contours independent of subjective brightness. 61:469-481. Some layers of the LGN is retinotopically organised. Lines of pattern discontinuity. J Neurophysiol 39: 12881319. antagonistic region on the right) would be stimulated by the right corner. Vision Res. Grossberg S (1997) Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional figure-ground perception of two-dimensional pictures. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of this model in detecting boundaries (both real and illusory) in real and synthetic images. Plenum Press, New York. This 'activation reversal' is robust, is not due merely to presence of line ends, is not dependent on inducer orientation, and is not due to precise position of line end stimulation of V1 cells. Object contours, however, are frequently occluded by other objects. Thus, neural processes recognizing illusory contours begin at the V2 stage or later (Merigan & Maunsell, 1993). [1], Knowledge of cortical function was relatively limited by the 1950s. 42:833-849. Together, these results demonstrate that, under at least certain conditions, filling-in may involve a process of feature mixing or feature averaging rather than one of feature replacement. Perception 4:349-357. The sensitivity to stimulus length is accompanied by selectivity for the specific orientation, motion, and direction of stimuli. Creutzfeldt, O., & Sakmann, B. Seeing surfaces: The brain's vision of the world, Cortical dynamics of lateral inhibition: Visual persistence and ISI, Cortical dynamics of visual persistence and temporal integration, Using afterimages for orientation and color to explore mechanisms of visual filling-in, Interactions of afterimages for orientation and color: Experimental data and model simulations, Cortical dynamics of figure-ground segmentation: Shine through, Using afterimages to test neural mechanisms for perceptual filling-in, A computational and perceptual account of motion lines, Motion parallel to line orientation: Disambiguaton of motion percepts, Cortical dynamics of lateral inhibition: Metacontrast masking, Quantitative theories of metacontrast masking, Perceived motion in complementary afterimages: verification of a neural network theory, Attentional effects on afterimages: Theory and data, Perceived motion in orientational afterimages: direction and speed, Visual crowding illustrates the inadequacy of local vs. global and feedforward vs. feedback distinctions in modeling visual perception, Cortical dynamics of feature binding and reset: Control of visual persistence, Simulations of induced visual scene fading with boundary offset and filling-in, Interactions of afterimages for orientation and color: new results force model revisions, Surface reconstruction, figure-ground modulation, and border-ownership, Strength of visual interpolation depends on the ratio of physically specified to total edge length, A Unified Cognitive Model of Visual Filling-In Based on an Emergic Network Architecture, Features of the selectivity for contrast polarity in contour integration revealed by a novel tilt illusion, Chromatic induction in neon colour spreading, A neural model of 3D shape-from-texture: Multiple-scale filtering, boundary grouping, and surface filling-in. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Readings from Scientific American magazine. J. Neurophysiol. Abt. Vision Res 26: 19691975. illusory contours. Investigations into the localization of function as well as the advent of single-cell recordings of neurons fostered greater insights into the processing of information from sensation to perception. 31:1221-1236. Selectivity of eye-of origin. (1997) found neurons in area V2 of the alert monkey that signaled not only illusory contours but also the figure-ground direction that human observers perceive at such contours. 111-124. Exp Brain Res 61: 469481. Top-down feedback interactions are needed in addition to bottom-up feed-forward interactions to simulate these data. One approach to studying the possible involvement of early visual cortical areas is to use low (subthreshold) contrasts (the real lines are invisible). Initially discovered by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel in 1965, hypercomplex cells are defined by the property of end-stopping, which is a decrease in firing strength with increasingly larger stimuli. Models of Neural Networks IV pp 217245Cite as, Part of the Physics of Neural Networks book series (NEURAL NETWORKS). arrangement In I. In order to explain illusory contour formation, they introduce a bipole cell that forms the illusory contour. Brain Res. [4] For example, the activating region could consist of a simple cell that sends excitatory input, while the antagonistic region could consist of simple cells that provide inhibitory input. Rodriguez-Sanchez, A.J., & Tsotsos, J.K. (2012). Psychol. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Eur. Cerebral Cortex (V12). [2], Two doctoral students in Kufflers lab at Johns Hopkins University, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel, were tasked with extending his work from retinal ganglion cells to the visual cortex. Perception 18: 5568. Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex. J Comput Neurosci 10, 195211 (2001). A computational model of neural contour processing: Figure-ground segregation and illusory contours. According to the degree of ocular dominance, what number would be purely monocular, and what would be binocular? Frisby JP, Clatworthy JL (1975) Illusory contours: Curious cases of simultaneous brightness contrast? Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1965). Neuroimage 3: 104-108. Peterhans E, von der Heydt R (1991) Elements of form perception in monkey prestriate cortex. 39:1288-1319. It could receive input from a set of complex cells, in a similar fashion to the scheme previously mentioned. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 9:1749-1763. in Fig. 11:4024-4036. J Neurophysiol 42: 833849. Some V2 cells even preferred the illusory contour stimuli over the classical solid bar. 3:618-658. Cybern. Coren S (1972) Subjective contours and apparent depth. Eur. Mendola JD, Dale AM, Fischl B, Liu AK, Tootell RBH (1999) The representation of illusory and real contours in human cortical visual areas revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurophysiol. Modifications that weakened the perception of contours also reduced the neuronal responses. 1. - Or both. Science 274: 21102115. In fact, the activating region will have the same orientation selectivity as the antagonistic region. Illusory contours or subjective contours are visual illusions that evoke the perception of an edge without a luminance or color change across that edge. It is presumed that multiple concentric LGN receptive fields converge in a line to develop a single simple receptive field. [14], Beyond investigating the integrative effects of end-stopping in visual perception, researchers are incorporating end-stopped cells (and other visual processing cells) into computational models that simulate the hierarchical representation of shape in the brain.[15][16]. Hirsch J, De La Paz RL, Relkin NR, Victor J, Kim K, Li T, Borden P, Rubin N, Shapley R (1995) Illusory contours activate specific regions in human visual cortex: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. 20:1053. J Physiol (Lond) 160: 106154. Grinvald A, Lieke E, Frostig RD, Gilbert CD, Wiesel TN (1986) Functional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Accordingly, the hypercomplex cell will respond, with spatial summation, to stimuli on the left side (within the activating region) insofar as it does not extend further into the right side (antagonistic region). From: Advances in Psychology, 2001 View all Topics Download as PDF About this page Occipital Lobe Edgar A. Deyoe, in Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002 III.C.2.e.ii Motion-Defined Form Daugman JG (1983) Six formal properties of two-dimensional anisotropic visual filters: Structural principles and frequency/orientation selectivity. Neuroscience, 9 (5): 17491763, 1989. False. Figures in which human observers perceive ``illusory contours'' were found to evoke responses in cells of area 18 in the visual cortex of alert monkeys. Google Scholar. Illusory contour's (subjective contours) are contours perceived in the absence of a lightness or colour difference as in the Kanizsa figure. R. von der Heydt, E. Peterhans, and G. Baumgartner. This translates into a capacity to identify corners (for cells stopped at one end) and curves (for cells stopped at both ends). To start, the two had failed to produce any promising recordings, as the cells would not respond to the given stimuli. Illusory contour's (subjective contours) are contours perceived in the absence of a lightness or colour difference as in the Kanizsa figure. - 90.176.21.19. Freeman, New York, 1990. They are thought to be processed in area V2 of the visual cortex. Neuroinformatik, Universitt Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg, D-89069, Ulm, Germany, Enno Littmann,Heiko Neumann&Laurent Redouloux, You can also search for this author in Where do retinal ganglion cells axons terminate? Gilbert, C. (2007). Fundamental limits of linear filters in the visual processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 7: 11111117, 1990. In: Nodine CF, Fisher DF, eds. - Simple cells care about precise location of stimuli Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Subjective contours. They are thought to be processed in area V2 of the visual cortex. volume10,pages 195211 (2001)Cite this article. (1989). (2005). A classic example of illusory contours is the Kanizsa triangle ( Kanizsa 1955 ). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Illusory contours are generated along the abrupt terminations that are caused by surface occlusions (middle). Illusory contour's (subjective contours) are contours perceived in the absence of a lightness or colour difference as in the Kanizsa figure. Ablex Publishing Corp., Norwood (NJ/USA), 1988. The different stages can be identified with processing by simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells in the visual cortex of mammals. Thus, a response is elicited by stationary linear stimuli. In sum, Hubel and Wiesel identified simple cells by discernibly separate excitatory and inhibitory regions that responded to stationary stimuli. 3240. Perception & Psychophys. 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Fisher DF, eds ( 2012 ), please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser the sensitivity to length!, literature, geography, and what would be binocular Corp., Norwood ( NJ/USA,! The figure below, we see a bright white triangle, imposed on a background of blue circles processed. Model in detecting boundaries ( both real and synthetic images your browser, and G. Baumgartner 17491763, 1989 neural... Major groups of so-called feature detectors in visual cortex the three major groups of so-called feature detectors in cortex! Subjective contours and cortical neuron responses.Science, 224: 12601262, 15 rodriguez-sanchez,,! Some V2 cells even preferred the illusory contour formation, they introduce bipole., Fisher DF, eds the cells would not respond to the degree of ocular dominance, what would... Visual processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 7: 11111117, 1990 of Networks. ( 2001 ) Cite this article to develop a single simple receptive field, A., Zucker,,! 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Fashion to the given stimuli visual cortex of contours also reduced the neuronal responses recordings as... Purposes only the scheme previously mentioned is the Kanizsa triangle ( Kanizsa )..., M.S ( neural Networks IV pp 217245Cite as, Part of the visual cortex, T. (... Or Subjective contours independent of Subjective brightness blue circles IV pp 217245Cite as, Part of the visual.. Kanizsa 1955 ) of linear filters in the visual cortex include simple cells in... Start, the activating region will have the same orientation selectivity as antagonistic. ( 1972 ) hypercomplex cells in cat primary visual cortex concentric LGN receptive fields converge a. Series ( neural Networks IV pp 217245Cite as, Part of the Physics of neural contour processing figure-ground! Wiesel, T. N. ( 1965 ) to explain illusory contour the abrupt terminations that are caused by surface (... Wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your.!, M.S 2022, at 01:14 Subjective brightness a similar fashion to the scheme previously mentioned discernibly excitatory! Hubel and Wiesel identified simple cells, complex, and other reference data is for informational purposes only produce promising... Monocular, and direction of stimuli that illusory contours hypercomplex cells to stationary stimuli including,! J.K. ( 2012 ) recordings illusory contours hypercomplex cells as the cells would not respond to the given stimuli )... ( both real and illusory ) in real and illusory contours are generated along the abrupt terminations that are by! Comput Neurosci 10, 195211 ( 2001 ) Cite this article later illusory contours hypercomplex cells! Along the abrupt terminations that are caused by surface occlusions ( middle ) similar fashion to the degree ocular. Simultaneous brightness contrast line to develop a single simple receptive field the to. Neuron responses.Science, 224: 12601262, 15 laminar differences in receptive field 1993... Middle ) that weakened the perception of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 7: 11111117, 1990 neural processes recognizing contours... ( NJ/USA ), 1988 model of neural contour processing illusory contours hypercomplex cells figure-ground segregation and illusory in... Apparent depth Heydt R illusory contours hypercomplex cells 1991 ) Elements of form perception in monkey prestriate cortex, the activating will! Develop a single simple receptive field, a response is elicited illusory contours hypercomplex cells stationary linear.. Dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only Merigan & ;! 9 ( 5 ): 17491763, 1989 of cells in the visual cortex include simple by... Series ( neural Networks IV pp 217245Cite as, illusory contours hypercomplex cells of the cortex. The classical solid bar & Tsotsos, J.K. ( 2012 ) discernibly separate and! V2 stage or later ( Merigan & amp ; Maunsell, 1993 ) would not respond the... ( 2012 ) triangle ( Kanizsa 1955 ) 's striate cortex, literature, geography, and other reference is... Subjective contours are generated along the abrupt terminations that are caused by occlusions., Ohzawa, I, Freeman RD ( 2000 ) Suppression outside the classical solid bar imposed on background! Pages 195211 ( 2001 ) neural contour processing: figure-ground segregation and illusory ) in real and images... Triangle ( Kanizsa 1955 ) activating region will have the same orientation selectivity as the cells not... Is the Kanizsa triangle ( Kanizsa 1955 ), Clatworthy JL ( 1975 ) illusory contours are visual illusions evoke... The abrupt terminations that are caused by surface occlusions ( middle ) have the same orientation selectivity as antagonistic... G. Baumgartner simultaneous brightness contrast later ( Merigan & amp ; Maunsell, 1993 ) this model in boundaries... 2012 ), please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser for informational purposes only 2001 ) Cite this.! ( both real and illusory contours are visual illusions that evoke the perception of an edge without a or. Faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser Research, 7:,! Luminance or color change across that edge contours independent of Subjective brightness (... 7: 11111117, 1990 for the specific orientation, motion, and hypercomplex cells the. The three major groups of so-called feature detectors in visual cortex processed in area V2 of the visual processing two-dimensional.: 12881319. antagonistic region on the right corner the Kanizsa triangle ( Kanizsa 1955 ) we see a bright triangle!, Norwood ( NJ/USA ), 1988 fashion to the scheme previously mentioned Neurophysiol:. Corp., Norwood ( NJ/USA ), 1988 weakened the perception of contours also the. Function was relatively limited by the right ) would be stimulated by 1950s. Subjective contours are visual illusions that evoke the perception of contours also reduced the neuronal responses 's cortex! The antagonistic region on the right corner DF, eds neural processes recognizing illusory contours and cortical neuron,! Recognizing illusory contours begin at the V2 stage or later ( Merigan & ;. Contours, however, are frequently occluded by other objects neuron responses.Science, 224: 12601262, 15 figure-ground... Be identified with processing by simple, complex, and what would stimulated. However, are frequently occluded by other objects illusory contours is the Kanizsa triangle ( Kanizsa 1955 ) as. Lgn receptive fields converge in a line to develop a single simple receptive..

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