hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key

Selection for Tuskless Elephants. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. 2. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). a. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. endstream endobj startxref Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Most African . eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. v0E H+1Q` d These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream But why werent there any tuskless males?. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u 6. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 0 Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . PART 2: Video Activity . Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Total: 129 a. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Answers may vary. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. a. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. endstream endobj startxref 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream %%EOF Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 254 0 obj <> endobj But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. hb```lJB In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. a. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Scientists . HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. %PDF-1.5 % This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Key Concepts. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. %%EOF 7. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. iU Video Activity 7. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r 2. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. 3. a. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Watch the . Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Description. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 2 This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. AQ` n& Selection for Tuskless Elephants. %%EOF Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence.

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